Gatling gun, hand-driven machine gun, the first to
solve the problems of loading, reliability, and the firing of sustained bursts.
It was invented about 1862 by Richard Jordan Gatling during the American Civil
War. After early experiments with a single barrel using paper cartridges (which
had to have a separate percussion cap), he saw in the newly invented brass
cartridge (which had its own percussion cap) an opportunity to fashion a truly
rapid-fire weapon. Gatling contrived a cluster of 10 barrels, each of which,
when rotated by a crank, was loaded and fired once during a complete rotation.
The barrels were loaded by gravity and the camming action of the cartridge
container, located directly above the gun. Each barrel was loaded and fired
during a half-rotation around the central shaft, and the spent cases were
ejected during the second half-rotation.
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